0.0
NA
CVE-2026-31228
Apache Kubeflow ART Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Description

The Adversarial Robustness Toolbox (ART) thru 1.20.1 contains a remote code execution vulnerability in its Kubeflow component. The robustness evaluation function for PyTorch models uses the unsafe eval() function to dynamically evaluate user-supplied strings for the LossFn and Optimizer parameters without any sanitization or security restrictions. An attacker can exploit this by providing a specially crafted string that contains arbitrary Python code, which will be executed when eval() is called, leading to complete compromise of the system running the ART evaluation.

INFO

Published Date :

May 12, 2026, 4:16 p.m.

Last Modified :

May 12, 2026, 4:16 p.m.

Remotely Exploit :

No
Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2026-31228 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

No affected product recoded yet

Solution
Avoid using eval() with untrusted input for PyTorch model evaluations.
  • Update Adversarial Robustness Toolbox to a patched version.
  • Avoid using eval() with user-supplied input.
  • Sanitize all user inputs before evaluation.
  • Implement security restrictions on eval() usage.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools

Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to CVE-2026-31228.

URL Resource
https://github.com/Trusted-AI/adversarial-robustness-toolbox
https://www.notion.so/CVE-2026-31228-35d1e1393188817f9ab0dc4b1651dfe9
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2026-31228 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2026-31228 weaknesses.

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2026-31228 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2026-31228 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • New CVE Received by [email protected]

    May. 12, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Description The Adversarial Robustness Toolbox (ART) thru 1.20.1 contains a remote code execution vulnerability in its Kubeflow component. The robustness evaluation function for PyTorch models uses the unsafe eval() function to dynamically evaluate user-supplied strings for the LossFn and Optimizer parameters without any sanitization or security restrictions. An attacker can exploit this by providing a specially crafted string that contains arbitrary Python code, which will be executed when eval() is called, leading to complete compromise of the system running the ART evaluation.
    Added Reference https://github.com/Trusted-AI/adversarial-robustness-toolbox
    Added Reference https://www.notion.so/CVE-2026-31228-35d1e1393188817f9ab0dc4b1651dfe9
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.